The project this year was started from June 2016 and ended in September 2017. During this project year, we had completed 30 cruises of ship-based CO2 measurements with PGGM/EMC global container cargo ships; 40 cruises of air-based measurements with PGGM/IAGOS CAL Airbus A330-300 aircrafts; completed installations of IAGOS instruments on two Airbus A330-300 aircrafts operated by CAL; carried air-based measurements with two CAL A330-300 aircrafts; completed decommissioned of CAL A340-300 climate monitoring aircraft; carried ship-based measurements with nine EMC global container ships; completed one international workshop on greenhouse gases measurements; held one successful news conference; held six expert meetings; and for the first time to successfully present our work in the United Nations (UN) World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Greenhouse Gases Measurement Technique (GGMT)-2017 conference in Switzerland; published works in SCI journals. Comparison of air-based near-surface measurements of CO and O3 with EPA Dayuan ambient air monitoring site showed very good agreement between the two datasets. These comparisons indicate that air-based measurements can successfully extend ground-based air pollution measurements to three-dimensional scales. Comparisons of ship-based CO2 measurements with monthly measurements from Mauna Loa shows that industrial CO2 emissions from land areas have continued to grow during 2016-2017. The 2015/2016 ENSO has also exerted an impact on atmospheric CO2 concentrations as shown from the ship-based data. The lowest CO2 concentrations from ship-based CO2 measurements close to land areas matched very well with monthly CO2 from Mauna Loa, while the CO2 concentrations measurements further downwind over the remote marine environments vary around the Manua Loa CO2 levels.

Ship-based measurements, Airborne measurements, Air pollutants, Greenhouse gases